Janaka was a philosopher-king of ancient
India. He was the ruler of Mithila. The
princely court consisted of great scholars, and Janaka himself was regarded with
respect throughout India for his wisdom.
Once Janaka performed a sacrifice in
which gifts were freely distributed. Vedic
scholars from far-off countries, like Kuruand Panchala
, assembled in Mithila on this occasion.
Now Janaka thought to himself:
“This is arare gathering. So many scholars versed in
the Vedic lore have assembled here . I must
take this opportunity to find the most
profound scholar, the one peerless
member of this grand assemblage.”
Janaka hit upon a plan. He asked his
servants to put one thousand choice cows
in a nearby pen. He further ordered that to
each of the cows’ horns should be
attached five golden plates. The king’s
servants obeyed him at once.
Janaka then appeared in the place of
sacrifice. He solemnly announced
,“Revered Brahmins, let him who is the best
Vedic scholar among you drive the thousand cows home.” This was a rather
peculiar announcement, and a hush fell
upon the assemblage. None of the
Brahmins was willing to rise and declare
himself the best scholar. Yajnavalkya then
stood up and asked Samashrava, his
disciple, to drive the cows home to his
forest retreat. Immediately, the Brahmins
were aflutter. Ashwala, the priest of
Janaka, was the first to issue a challenge
,saying, “Yajnavalkya, are you really the
best scholar among us?”
Yajnavalkya: “I bow down to the best
scholar; I just want the cows.”
Ashwala decided to interrogate
Yajnavalkya, whose politeness didn’t strike
him as genuine. The priest’s favoured
position with Janaka had made him insolent. He threw many questions at
Yajnavalkya, but Yajnavalkya answered
them all. The quick answers were enough
to calm the angry mood of Ashwala.
Several other scholars now began to
interrogate Yajnavalkya. Some were
genuine seekers of truth; others simply
wanted to put him in a tight corner. Last of
all rose a lady named Gargi, the daughter
of the sage Vachaknu. Gargi had already
asked a few questions, but now she asked
the permission of the Brahmins to put forth
a few more.
“I shall ask him two more questions,” Gargi
proposed. “Should he answer them, none
of you will ever be able to beat him.” In
ancient India, women had access to
philosophical enquiry—and what
tremendous self-confidence we find in
Gargi, daring a great sage to answer her
questions! She was dignity personified.
Gargi continued, “What, O Yajnavalkya,
per-vades the whole cosmos and what
everis, was, and shall be?”
Yajnavalkya: “The unmanifested ether.”
“I bow to you, Yajnavalkya. You have
answered the question to my satisfaction .
Now I have another.”
“Ask, O Gargi.”
“What pervades the un-manifested
ether?”
The question seemed to launch
Yajnavalkya to new heights of elucidation
.He replied: “It is pervaded by the
immutable Brahman. It is neither gross nor
minute, neither short nor long, neither
shadow nor darkness, neither air nor ether.
The different worlds, the sun and the
moon, do not transgress its mighty rule.Whoever departs from this world without
knowing this immutable substance has to
move in an endless series of births and
deaths. It is never an object of thought orintellect, being thought or intelligence
itself. It is the Knower who knows through
all intellects. Brahman, which is the self
within all and is beyond all relative
attributes like hunger etc. is the ultimate
goal, the highest truth. By this Brahman is
the unmanifested ether pervaded.”
There
upon Gargi said: “Revered Brahmins,listen to my words. I have already said that
if he is able to answer my questions, none
of you can beat him. You can never even hope to defeat him. In comprehending
Brahman, he has no peer.” Saying this,Gargi sat down and listened humbly to therest of the proceedings.
No comments:
Post a Comment